Miðgarðr

Home of the Cyber Aesir

2.13 inch V4 E-Paper HAT Code Python Raspberry Pi Uncategorized WaveShare Zero 2 W

Waveshare-2.13inch-E-Ink-display

ByLynx

Feb 4, 2025 #2.13 inch V4 E-Paper Hat, #GeoPy, #Open-Meteo, #Python, #Raspberry Pi, #WaveShare, #Weather, #Zero 2 W

Learning how to use an E-Ink display, and GeoPy, Open-Meteo python libraries.

I’ve recently been using a Waveshare 2.3″ E-Ink display hat for various Raspberry Pi hardware. There are a number of projects out there that use this cute little display, and I would like the throw some of my code into the arena. To help learn python and the E-ink display, I’ve created a little weather app.

All the code is posted to my Github Repository. This code is a work in progress, and basically just a test piece, there really no error control.

I’m assuming that you have your Waveshare 2.13in E-Ink display correcly setup with your hardware. I’m using Waveshare 2.13in E-Ink display HAT V4 connected to a Raspberry Pi Zero 2W. If you haven’t set it up yet, visit https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/2.13inch_e-Paper_HAT_Manual and follow the directions for your hardware.

This next step is for use with Raspberry Pi hardware.

Install the necessary python libraries:

sudo apt update 
sudo apt install python3-pip 
sudo apt install python3-pil 
sudo apt install python3-numpy 
sudo apt install python3-gpiozero 
sudo pip3 install spidev

For WeatherInk.py, GeoPy and Open-Meteo libraries are needed: 

pip install openmeteo-requests 
pip install requests-cache retry-requests numpy pandas 
pip install geopy

WeatherInk.py takes Latitude and Longitude coordinates and returns weather information, and displays it on an E-Ink display. I wrote this as an exercise to use an E-Ink display, and get weather info. The GPS function was a bonus. There are still issues with the code, throws an error when trying to convert GPS coordinates to a place without name, etc. Use at your own risk. Weather icons and font.ttc must be downloaded from my github

weatherink.py:

# /*****************************************************************************
# * | File        :	  weatherink.py
# * | Author      :   Michael Bapst (lynxsilver@gmail.com)
# * | Function    :   Retrieves Weather from Open-Meteo and Displays it on a 
# * |             :   Waveshare 2.13in E-Ink Display
# * | Info        :   I wrote this as an exercise to use an E-Ink display, and
# * |             :   get weather info. The GPS function was a bonus.
# * |             :   There are still issues with the code, throws an error when
# * |             :   trying to convert GPS coordinates to a place without name,
# * |             :   etc.
# *----------------
# * | This version:   V1.0
# * | Date        :   1/18/2025
# * | Info        :
# ******************************************************************************
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documnetation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to  whom the Software is
# furished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS OR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#*****************************************************************************
# The following libraries need to be installed:
# Install Open Meteo: 
# pip install openmeteo-requests
# pip install requests-cache retry-requests numpy pandas
#
# Install geopy
# pip install geopy

import sys
import os
import logging
import epd2in13_V4
import time
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
import traceback
import openmeteo_requests
from convertweather import convertUnixTime, RoundTemp, RoundWindSpeed, HeadingToCompass, DecodeWeatherCode, SecToHours, GetCity
import requests_cache
import pandas as pd
from retry_requests import retry

# Setup the Open-Meteo API client with cache and retry on error
cache_session = requests_cache.CachedSession('.cache', expire_after = 3600)
retry_session = retry(cache_session, retries = 5, backoff_factor = 0.2)
openmeteo = openmeteo_requests.Client(session = retry_session)

# For more information about Open-Meteo goto https://open-meteo.com/en/docs
# Make sure all required weather variables are listed here
# The order of variables in hourly or daily is important to assign them correctly below
# Change the Lat & Lon to the area you want weather info from. use https://open-meteo.com/en/docs to get your Lat & Lon 
url = "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast"
params = {
	"latitude": 64.1355,
	"longitude": -21.8954,
	"current": ["temperature_2m", "relative_humidity_2m", "weather_code", "wind_speed_10m", "wind_direction_10m", "wind_gusts_10m"],
	"daily": ["weather_code", "temperature_2m_max", "temperature_2m_min", "sunrise", "sunset", "daylight_duration", "sunshine_duration", "uv_index_max"],
	"temperature_unit": "fahrenheit",
	"wind_speed_unit": "mph",
	"precipitation_unit": "inch",
	"timezone": "America/New_York",
	"forecast_days": 1
}
responses = openmeteo.weather_api(url, params=params)

# Process first location. Add a for-loop for multiple locations or weather models
response = responses[0]
wAddress = GetCity(response.Latitude(), response.Longitude())

# Current values. The order of variables needs to be the same as requested.
current = response.Current()
wTemp = round(current.Variables(0).Value(), 1)
wHumid =  current.Variables(1).Value()
wWeatherCode, wIcon = DecodeWeatherCode(current.Variables(2).Value())
wWindSpd = round(current.Variables(3).Value(), 2)
wWindDir = HeadingToCompass(current.Variables(4).Value())
wWindGust = round(current.Variables(5).Value(), 2)
wDateTime = convertUnixTime(current.Time())

# Process daily data. The order of variables needs to be the same as requested.
daily = response.Daily()
wTempHi = RoundTemp(daily.Variables(1).ValuesAsNumpy())
wTempLo = RoundTemp(daily.Variables(2).ValuesAsNumpy())
wUVIndex = daily.Variables(7).ValuesAsNumpy()

#Setup WaveShare 2.13 V4 
epd = epd2in13_V4.EPD()
epd.init()
#epd.Clear(0xFF)

# Drawing on the image
fontObj = ImageFont.truetype('font.ttc', 10)
wImage = Image.new('1', (epd.height, epd.width), 255)  # 255: clear the frame
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(wImage)
draw.text((0, 0), wAddress, font = fontObj, fill = 0)
draw.line([(0,13),(250,13)], fill = 0,width = 1)
draw.text((250, 0), wDateTime, font = fontObj, fill = 0, anchor = "ra")
draw.text((0, 15), "Temp: " + str(wTemp) + " : HI/LO: " + str(wTempHi) + "/" + str(wTempLo), font = fontObj, fill = 0)
draw.text((0, 30), "Humidity: " + str(wHumid), font = fontObj, fill = 0)
draw.text((250, 30), "UVIndex: " + str(wUVIndex), font = fontObj, fill = 0, anchor = "ra")
draw.text((1, 45), "Weather: " + wWeatherCode, font = fontObj, fill = 0)    #Setting the position to 2 keeps the W in weather from getting cut off
draw.text((1, 60), "Wind Speed: " + str(wWindSpd), font = fontObj, fill = 0)
draw.text((1, 75), "Wind Direction: " + str(wWindDir), font = fontObj, fill = 0)
draw.text((1, 90), "Wind Gusts: " + str(wWindGust), font = fontObj, fill = 0)
bmpIcon = Image.open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), wIcon))
wImage.paste(bmpIcon,(185,57))
wImage = wImage.rotate(180) # rotate
epd.display(epd.getbuffer(wImage))

# Exit
epd.init()
epd.sleep()
epd2in13_V4.epdconfig.module_exit(cleanup=True)
exit()

convertweather.py

# /*****************************************************************************
# * | File        :	  convertweather.py
# * | Author      :   Michael Bapst (lynxsilver@gmail.com)
# * | Function    :   Various conversion functions used by Weather Ink python app
# * | Info        :
# *----------------
# * | This version:   V1.0
# * | Date        :   1/18/2025
# * | Info        :
# ******************************************************************************
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documnetation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to  whom the Software is
# furished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS OR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#*****************************************************************************
#
# Install geopy : pip install geopy
#
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
from geopy.exc import GeocoderServiceError
from datetime import datetime
import numpy as np

def GetCity(Lat, Lon):
	geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent="E-Ink_Weather_App")
	try:
		location = geolocator.reverse(str(Lat) + "," + str(Lon))
		address = location.raw['address']

		# Traverse the data
		city = address.get('city', '')
		state = address.get('state', '')
		code = address.get('country_code')
		addrss = city + ", " + state + ", " + code.upper()
		return addrss
	except GeocoderServiceError as e:
		print("Error: ", e)
		return "ERROR"

def convertUnixTime(UnixTime):
	# Convert UNIX time to Modern
	return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(UnixTime).strftime('%a, %b %-d, %Y %-I:%-M:%-S %p')

def RoundTemp(Temperature):
	# Cleanup temperature
	return np.round(Temperature, 1)

def RoundWindSpeed(WindSpeed):
        # Cleanup Wind Speed
        return np.round(WindSpeed, 2)

def HeadingToCompass(Heading):
        # Convert Heading to Compass points (N-NE-E-SE-S-SW-W-NW)
	# Converts a heading in degrees to a compass direction.

	directions = ["N", "NNE", "NE", "ENE", "E", "ESE", "SE", "SSE", 
	          "S", "SSW", "SW", "WSW", "W", "WNW", "NW", "NNW"]
	index = round(Heading / 22.5) % 16
	return directions[index]

def DecodeWeatherCode(WeatherCode):
    match WeatherCode:
        case 0:
            return "Clear Sky", "icon/wmo_icon_00d.bmp"
        case 1:
            return "Mainly Clear", "icon/wmo_icon_01d.bmp"
        case 2:
            return "Partly Cloudy", "icon/wmo_icon_02d.bmp"
        case 3:
            return "Overcast", "icon/wmo_icon_03d.bmp"
        case 45:
            return "Fog", "icon/wmo_icon_45d.bmp"
        case 48:
            return "Freezing Fog", "icon/wmo_icon_45d.bmp"
        case 51:
            return "Light Drizzle", "icon/wmo_icon_53d.bmp"
        case 53:
            return "Moderate Drizzle", "icon/wmo_icon_53d.bmp"
        case 55:
            return "Heavy Drizzle", "icon/wmo_icon_53d.bmp"
        case 56:
            return "Light Freezing Drizzle", "icon/wmo_icon_57d.bmp"
        case 57:
            return "Heavy Freezing Drizzle", "icon/wmo_icon_57d.bmp"
        case 61:
            return "Light Rain", "icon/wmo_icon_61d.bmp"
        case 63:
            return "Moderate Rain", "icon/wmo_icon_61d.bmp"
        case 65:
            return "Heavy Rain", "icon/wmo_icon_65d.bmp"
        case 66:
            return "Light Freezing Rain", "icon/wmo_icon_66d.bmp"
        case 67:
            return "Heavy Freezing Rain", "icon/wmo_icon_67d.bmp"
        case 71:
            return "Light Snow", "icon/wmo_icon_71d.bmp"
        case 73:
            return "Moderate Snow", "icon/wmo_icon_73d.bmp"
        case 75:
            return "Heavy Snow", "icon/wmo_icon_75d.bmp"
        case 77:
            return "Snow Pellets", "icon/wmo_icon_75d.bmp"
        case 80:
            return "Light Rain Showers", "icon/wmo_icon_80d.bmp"
        case 81:
            return "Moderate Rain Showers", "icon/wmo_icon_81d.bmp"
        case 82:
            return "Heavy Rain Showers", "icon/wmo_icon_81d.bmp"
        case 85:
            return "Light Snow Showers", "icon/wmo_icon_85d.bmp"
        case 86:
            return "Heavy Snow Showers", "icon/wmo_icon_86d.bmp"
        case 95:
            return "Thunderstorms", "icon/wmo_icon_95d.bmp"
        case 96:
            return "Thunderstorms with Light Hail", "icon/wmo_icon_96d.bmp"
        case 99:
            return "Thunderstorms with Heavy Hail", "icon/wmo_icon_96d.bmp"
        case _:
            return "Invalid Weather Code", "icon/wmo_icon_err.bmp"

def SecToHours(seconds):
	numHr = np.round(int(seconds/3600), 0)
	numMin = np.round(int((seconds%3600)/60), 0)
	numSec = np.round(int((seconds%3600)%60), 0)
	#strHr = ["{:0f} hrs {:0f} mins {:0f} secs".format(float(numHr), float(numMin), float(numSec))]
	strHr = ["{} hrs {} mins {} secs".format(numHr, numMin, numSec)]
	return strHr

epdconfig.py

# /*****************************************************************************
# * | File        :	  epdconfig.py
# * | Author      :   Waveshare team
# * | Function    :   Hardware underlying interface
# * | Info        :
# *----------------
# * | This version:   V1.2
# * | Date        :   2022-10-29
# * | Info        :
# ******************************************************************************
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documnetation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to  whom the Software is
# furished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS OR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#

import os
import logging
import sys
import time
import subprocess

from ctypes import *

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class RaspberryPi:
    # Pin definition
    RST_PIN  = 17
    DC_PIN   = 25
    CS_PIN   = 8
    BUSY_PIN = 24
    PWR_PIN  = 18
    MOSI_PIN = 10
    SCLK_PIN = 11

    def __init__(self):
        import spidev
        import gpiozero
        
        self.SPI = spidev.SpiDev()
        self.GPIO_RST_PIN    = gpiozero.LED(self.RST_PIN)
        self.GPIO_DC_PIN     = gpiozero.LED(self.DC_PIN)
        # self.GPIO_CS_PIN     = gpiozero.LED(self.CS_PIN)
        self.GPIO_PWR_PIN    = gpiozero.LED(self.PWR_PIN)
        self.GPIO_BUSY_PIN   = gpiozero.Button(self.BUSY_PIN, pull_up = False)

        

    def digital_write(self, pin, value):
        if pin == self.RST_PIN:
            if value:
                self.GPIO_RST_PIN.on()
            else:
                self.GPIO_RST_PIN.off()
        elif pin == self.DC_PIN:
            if value:
                self.GPIO_DC_PIN.on()
            else:
                self.GPIO_DC_PIN.off()
        # elif pin == self.CS_PIN:
        #     if value:
        #         self.GPIO_CS_PIN.on()
        #     else:
        #         self.GPIO_CS_PIN.off()
        elif pin == self.PWR_PIN:
            if value:
                self.GPIO_PWR_PIN.on()
            else:
                self.GPIO_PWR_PIN.off()

    def digital_read(self, pin):
        if pin == self.BUSY_PIN:
            return self.GPIO_BUSY_PIN.value
        elif pin == self.RST_PIN:
            return self.RST_PIN.value
        elif pin == self.DC_PIN:
            return self.DC_PIN.value
        # elif pin == self.CS_PIN:
        #     return self.CS_PIN.value
        elif pin == self.PWR_PIN:
            return self.PWR_PIN.value

    def delay_ms(self, delaytime):
        time.sleep(delaytime / 1000.0)

    def spi_writebyte(self, data):
        self.SPI.writebytes(data)

    def spi_writebyte2(self, data):
        self.SPI.writebytes2(data)

    def DEV_SPI_write(self, data):
        self.DEV_SPI.DEV_SPI_SendData(data)

    def DEV_SPI_nwrite(self, data):
        self.DEV_SPI.DEV_SPI_SendnData(data)

    def DEV_SPI_read(self):
        return self.DEV_SPI.DEV_SPI_ReadData()

    def module_init(self, cleanup=False):
        self.GPIO_PWR_PIN.on()
        
        if cleanup:
            find_dirs = [
                os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)),
                '/usr/local/lib',
                '/usr/lib',
            ]
            self.DEV_SPI = None
            for find_dir in find_dirs:
                val = int(os.popen('getconf LONG_BIT').read())
                logging.debug("System is %d bit"%val)
                if val == 64:
                    so_filename = os.path.join(find_dir, 'DEV_Config_64.so')
                else:
                    so_filename = os.path.join(find_dir, 'DEV_Config_32.so')
                if os.path.exists(so_filename):
                    self.DEV_SPI = CDLL(so_filename)
                    break
            if self.DEV_SPI is None:
                RuntimeError('Cannot find DEV_Config.so')

            self.DEV_SPI.DEV_Module_Init()

        else:
            # SPI device, bus = 0, device = 0
            self.SPI.open(0, 0)
            self.SPI.max_speed_hz = 4000000
            self.SPI.mode = 0b00
        return 0

    def module_exit(self, cleanup=False):
        logger.debug("spi end")
        self.SPI.close()

        self.GPIO_RST_PIN.off()
        self.GPIO_DC_PIN.off()
        self.GPIO_PWR_PIN.off()
        logger.debug("close 5V, Module enters 0 power consumption ...")
        
        if cleanup:
            self.GPIO_RST_PIN.close()
            self.GPIO_DC_PIN.close()
            # self.GPIO_CS_PIN.close()
            self.GPIO_PWR_PIN.close()
            self.GPIO_BUSY_PIN.close()

        



class JetsonNano:
    # Pin definition
    RST_PIN  = 17
    DC_PIN   = 25
    CS_PIN   = 8
    BUSY_PIN = 24
    PWR_PIN  = 18

    def __init__(self):
        import ctypes
        find_dirs = [
            os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)),
            '/usr/local/lib',
            '/usr/lib',
        ]
        self.SPI = None
        for find_dir in find_dirs:
            so_filename = os.path.join(find_dir, 'sysfs_software_spi.so')
            if os.path.exists(so_filename):
                self.SPI = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(so_filename)
                break
        if self.SPI is None:
            raise RuntimeError('Cannot find sysfs_software_spi.so')

        import Jetson.GPIO
        self.GPIO = Jetson.GPIO

    def digital_write(self, pin, value):
        self.GPIO.output(pin, value)

    def digital_read(self, pin):
        return self.GPIO.input(self.BUSY_PIN)

    def delay_ms(self, delaytime):
        time.sleep(delaytime / 1000.0)

    def spi_writebyte(self, data):
        self.SPI.SYSFS_software_spi_transfer(data[0])

    def spi_writebyte2(self, data):
        for i in range(len(data)):
            self.SPI.SYSFS_software_spi_transfer(data[i])

    def module_init(self):
        self.GPIO.setmode(self.GPIO.BCM)
        self.GPIO.setwarnings(False)
        self.GPIO.setup(self.RST_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
        self.GPIO.setup(self.DC_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
        self.GPIO.setup(self.CS_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
        self.GPIO.setup(self.PWR_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
        self.GPIO.setup(self.BUSY_PIN, self.GPIO.IN)
        
        self.GPIO.output(self.PWR_PIN, 1)
        
        self.SPI.SYSFS_software_spi_begin()
        return 0

    def module_exit(self):
        logger.debug("spi end")
        self.SPI.SYSFS_software_spi_end()

        logger.debug("close 5V, Module enters 0 power consumption ...")
        self.GPIO.output(self.RST_PIN, 0)
        self.GPIO.output(self.DC_PIN, 0)
        self.GPIO.output(self.PWR_PIN, 0)

        self.GPIO.cleanup([self.RST_PIN, self.DC_PIN, self.CS_PIN, self.BUSY_PIN, self.PWR_PIN])


class SunriseX3:
    # Pin definition
    RST_PIN  = 17
    DC_PIN   = 25
    CS_PIN   = 8
    BUSY_PIN = 24
    PWR_PIN  = 18
    Flag     = 0

    def __init__(self):
        import spidev
        import Hobot.GPIO

        self.GPIO = Hobot.GPIO
        self.SPI = spidev.SpiDev()

    def digital_write(self, pin, value):
        self.GPIO.output(pin, value)

    def digital_read(self, pin):
        return self.GPIO.input(pin)

    def delay_ms(self, delaytime):
        time.sleep(delaytime / 1000.0)

    def spi_writebyte(self, data):
        self.SPI.writebytes(data)

    def spi_writebyte2(self, data):
        # for i in range(len(data)):
        #     self.SPI.writebytes([data[i]])
        self.SPI.xfer3(data)

    def module_init(self):
        if self.Flag == 0:
            self.Flag = 1
            self.GPIO.setmode(self.GPIO.BCM)
            self.GPIO.setwarnings(False)
            self.GPIO.setup(self.RST_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
            self.GPIO.setup(self.DC_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
            self.GPIO.setup(self.CS_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
            self.GPIO.setup(self.PWR_PIN, self.GPIO.OUT)
            self.GPIO.setup(self.BUSY_PIN, self.GPIO.IN)

            self.GPIO.output(self.PWR_PIN, 1)
        
            # SPI device, bus = 0, device = 0
            self.SPI.open(2, 0)
            self.SPI.max_speed_hz = 4000000
            self.SPI.mode = 0b00
            return 0
        else:
            return 0

    def module_exit(self):
        logger.debug("spi end")
        self.SPI.close()

        logger.debug("close 5V, Module enters 0 power consumption ...")
        self.Flag = 0
        self.GPIO.output(self.RST_PIN, 0)
        self.GPIO.output(self.DC_PIN, 0)
        self.GPIO.output(self.PWR_PIN, 0)

        self.GPIO.cleanup([self.RST_PIN, self.DC_PIN, self.CS_PIN, self.BUSY_PIN], self.PWR_PIN)


if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    process = subprocess.Popen("cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Raspberry", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
else:
    process = subprocess.Popen("cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Raspberry", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
output, _ = process.communicate()
if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    output = output.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)

if "Raspberry" in output:
    implementation = RaspberryPi()
elif os.path.exists('/sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-x3'):
    implementation = SunriseX3()
else:
    implementation = JetsonNano()

for func in [x for x in dir(implementation) if not x.startswith('_')]:
    setattr(sys.modules[__name__], func, getattr(implementation, func))

### END OF FILE ###

epd2in13_V4.py

# *****************************************************************************
# * | File        :	  epd2in13_V4.py
# * | Author      :   Waveshare team
# * | Function    :   Electronic paper driver
# * | Info        :
# *----------------
# * | This version:   V1.0
# * | Date        :   2023-06-25
# # | Info        :   python demo
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documnetation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to  whom the Software is
# furished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS OR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#


import logging
# from . import epdconfig
import epdconfig

# Display resolution
EPD_WIDTH       = 122
EPD_HEIGHT      = 250

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class EPD:
    def __init__(self):
        self.reset_pin = epdconfig.RST_PIN
        self.dc_pin = epdconfig.DC_PIN
        self.busy_pin = epdconfig.BUSY_PIN
        self.cs_pin = epdconfig.CS_PIN
        self.width = EPD_WIDTH
        self.height = EPD_HEIGHT
        
    '''
    function :Hardware reset
    parameter:
    '''
    def reset(self):
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.reset_pin, 1)
        epdconfig.delay_ms(20) 
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.reset_pin, 0)
        epdconfig.delay_ms(2)
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.reset_pin, 1)
        epdconfig.delay_ms(20)   

    '''
    function :send command
    parameter:
     command : Command register
    '''
    def send_command(self, command):
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.dc_pin, 0)
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.cs_pin, 0)
        epdconfig.spi_writebyte([command])
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.cs_pin, 1)

    '''
    function :send data
    parameter:
     data : Write data
    '''
    def send_data(self, data):
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.dc_pin, 1)
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.cs_pin, 0)
        epdconfig.spi_writebyte([data])
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.cs_pin, 1)

    # send a lot of data   
    def send_data2(self, data):
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.dc_pin, 1)
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.cs_pin, 0)
        epdconfig.spi_writebyte2(data)
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.cs_pin, 1)
    
    '''
    function :Wait until the busy_pin goes LOW
    parameter:
    '''
    def ReadBusy(self):
        logger.debug("e-Paper busy")
        while(epdconfig.digital_read(self.busy_pin) == 1):      # 0: idle, 1: busy
            epdconfig.delay_ms(10)  
        logger.debug("e-Paper busy release")

    '''
    function : Turn On Display
    parameter:
    '''
    def TurnOnDisplay(self):
        self.send_command(0x22) # Display Update Control
        self.send_data(0xf7)
        self.send_command(0x20) # Activate Display Update Sequence
        self.ReadBusy()

    '''
    function : Turn On Display Fast
    parameter:
    '''
    def TurnOnDisplay_Fast(self):
        self.send_command(0x22) # Display Update Control
        self.send_data(0xC7)    # fast:0x0c, quality:0x0f, 0xcf
        self.send_command(0x20) # Activate Display Update Sequence
        self.ReadBusy()
    
    '''
    function : Turn On Display Part
    parameter:
    '''
    def TurnOnDisplayPart(self):
        self.send_command(0x22) # Display Update Control
        self.send_data(0xff)    # fast:0x0c, quality:0x0f, 0xcf
        self.send_command(0x20) # Activate Display Update Sequence
        self.ReadBusy()


    '''
    function : Setting the display window
    parameter:
        xstart : X-axis starting position
        ystart : Y-axis starting position
        xend : End position of X-axis
        yend : End position of Y-axis
    '''
    def SetWindow(self, x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end):
        self.send_command(0x44) # SET_RAM_X_ADDRESS_START_END_POSITION
        # x point must be the multiple of 8 or the last 3 bits will be ignored
        self.send_data((x_start>>3) & 0xFF)
        self.send_data((x_end>>3) & 0xFF)
        
        self.send_command(0x45) # SET_RAM_Y_ADDRESS_START_END_POSITION
        self.send_data(y_start & 0xFF)
        self.send_data((y_start >> 8) & 0xFF)
        self.send_data(y_end & 0xFF)
        self.send_data((y_end >> 8) & 0xFF)

    '''
    function : Set Cursor
    parameter:
        x : X-axis starting position
        y : Y-axis starting position
    '''
    def SetCursor(self, x, y):
        self.send_command(0x4E) # SET_RAM_X_ADDRESS_COUNTER
        # x point must be the multiple of 8 or the last 3 bits will be ignored
        self.send_data(x & 0xFF)
        
        self.send_command(0x4F) # SET_RAM_Y_ADDRESS_COUNTER
        self.send_data(y & 0xFF)
        self.send_data((y >> 8) & 0xFF)
    
    '''
    function : Initialize the e-Paper register
    parameter:
    '''
    def init(self):
        if (epdconfig.module_init() != 0):
            return -1
        # EPD hardware init start
        self.reset()
        
        self.ReadBusy()
        self.send_command(0x12)  #SWRESET
        self.ReadBusy() 

        self.send_command(0x01) #Driver output control      
        self.send_data(0xf9)
        self.send_data(0x00)
        self.send_data(0x00)
    
        self.send_command(0x11) #data entry mode       
        self.send_data(0x03)

        self.SetWindow(0, 0, self.width-1, self.height-1)
        self.SetCursor(0, 0)
        
        self.send_command(0x3c)
        self.send_data(0x05)

        self.send_command(0x21) #  Display update control
        self.send_data(0x00)
        self.send_data(0x80)
    
        self.send_command(0x18)
        self.send_data(0x80)
        
        self.ReadBusy()
        
        return 0

    '''
    function : Initialize the e-Paper fast register
    parameter:
    '''
    def init_fast(self):
        if (epdconfig.module_init() != 0):
            return -1
        # EPD hardware init start
        self.reset()

        self.send_command(0x12)  #SWRESET
        self.ReadBusy() 

        self.send_command(0x18) # Read built-in temperature sensor
        self.send_command(0x80)

        self.send_command(0x11) # data entry mode       
        self.send_data(0x03)    

        self.SetWindow(0, 0, self.width-1, self.height-1)
        self.SetCursor(0, 0)
        
        self.send_command(0x22) # Load temperature value
        self.send_data(0xB1)	
        self.send_command(0x20)
        self.ReadBusy()

        self.send_command(0x1A) # Write to temperature register
        self.send_data(0x64)
        self.send_data(0x00)
                        
        self.send_command(0x22) # Load temperature value
        self.send_data(0x91)	
        self.send_command(0x20)
        self.ReadBusy()
        
        return 0
    '''
    function : Display images
    parameter:
        image : Image data
    '''
    def getbuffer(self, image):
        img = image
        imwidth, imheight = img.size
        if(imwidth == self.width and imheight == self.height):
            img = img.convert('1')
        elif(imwidth == self.height and imheight == self.width):
            # image has correct dimensions, but needs to be rotated
            img = img.rotate(90, expand=True).convert('1')
        else:
            logger.warning("Wrong image dimensions: must be " + str(self.width) + "x" + str(self.height))
            # return a blank buffer
            return [0x00] * (int(self.width/8) * self.height)

        buf = bytearray(img.tobytes('raw'))
        return buf
        
    '''
    function : Sends the image buffer in RAM to e-Paper and displays
    parameter:
        image : Image data
    '''
    def display(self, image):
        self.send_command(0x24)
        self.send_data2(image)  
        self.TurnOnDisplay()
    
    '''
    function : Sends the image buffer in RAM to e-Paper and fast displays
    parameter:
        image : Image data
    '''
    def display_fast(self, image):
        self.send_command(0x24)
        self.send_data2(image) 
        self.TurnOnDisplay_Fast()
    '''
    function : Sends the image buffer in RAM to e-Paper and partial refresh
    parameter:
        image : Image data
    '''
    def displayPartial(self, image):
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.reset_pin, 0)
        epdconfig.delay_ms(1)
        epdconfig.digital_write(self.reset_pin, 1)  

        self.send_command(0x3C) # BorderWavefrom
        self.send_data(0x80)

        self.send_command(0x01) # Driver output control      
        self.send_data(0xF9) 
        self.send_data(0x00)
        self.send_data(0x00)

        self.send_command(0x11) # data entry mode       
        self.send_data(0x03)

        self.SetWindow(0, 0, self.width - 1, self.height - 1)
        self.SetCursor(0, 0)
        
        self.send_command(0x24) # WRITE_RAM
        self.send_data2(image)  
        self.TurnOnDisplayPart()

    '''
    function : Refresh a base image
    parameter:
        image : Image data
    '''
    def displayPartBaseImage(self, image):
        self.send_command(0x24)
        self.send_data2(image)  
                
        self.send_command(0x26)
        self.send_data2(image)  
        self.TurnOnDisplay()
    
    '''
    function : Clear screen
    parameter:
    '''
    def Clear(self, color=0xFF):
        if self.width%8 == 0:
            linewidth = int(self.width/8)
        else:
            linewidth = int(self.width/8) + 1
        # logger.debug(linewidth)
        
        self.send_command(0x24)
        self.send_data2([color] * int(self.height * linewidth))  
        self.TurnOnDisplay()

    '''
    function : Enter sleep mode
    parameter:
    '''
    def sleep(self):
        self.send_command(0x10) #enter deep sleep
        self.send_data(0x01)
        
        epdconfig.delay_ms(2000)
        epdconfig.module_exit()

### END OF FILE ###

By Lynx

Born in the 70's. Grew up in Western NY. Happily married, and has 2 children. Lives in Connecticut.

Related Post

Antigravity IDE Arduino Cheap Yellow Display Code Development IDE Google PlatformIO

Installing PlatformIO in Google Antigravity

Jan 19, 2026 Lynx
Uncategorized

A Yule Update 2025

Dec 14, 2025 Lynx
Hardware Linux Raspberry Pi Uncategorized Windows Zero 2 W

Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W Gadget mode. – UPDATED

Jan 5, 2025 Lynx
342 thoughts on “Waveshare-2.13inch-E-Ink-display”

  6. I appreciate how you’re using Open-Meteo with the 2.13″ display—I hit the same unnamed-coordinate error when testing GeoPy. When I get stuck on that kind of edge case, I take a quick break with 2048 cupcakes to clear my head. It’s a surprising time sink.

    Reply

  8. The use of the Waveshare 2.13in E-Ink HAT V4 on a Pi Zero 2W for a weather station is exactly the kind of low-power project I enjoy. I’ve been exploring similar displays for showing creative content, and it turns out there’s also an AI comic generator that can turn a paragraph into a comic strip, which might be a fun addition to such a setup.

    Reply

  9. I’m also experimenting with the Waveshare 2.13in E-Ink display and found that the challenge of rendering weather icons taught me more than the typical hello-world sketch. For anyone who wants to pick up vocabulary in a similar hands-on way, you can learn English with YouTube through interactive subtitles on TubeVocab, which makes context stick better than flashcard lists alone.

    Reply

  12. What an amazing place to test my luck without any stress. I love how the games are organized and how quickly the support team handles any questions I have. It feels like playing at a top tier resort right from my couch. You will definitely enjoy the experience. pemrbetcasino

    Reply

  13. Finding a reliable spot for my casino sessions was always a hassle until I discovered jilizcasinologin. The one tap login saves me so much time and the game library is packed with all the classics I grew up playing. Support staff are patient and helpful no matter what hour of the night I message them. Truly a top notch destination for Filipino players jilizcasinologin

    Reply

  15. Курьер в банк, который доставляет клиентам финансовых учреждений банковские карты и документы – является одной из лучших вакансий для молодых людей без опыта. Мало где можно получать по 140000-170000 рублей в месяц уже на третий-четвертый месяц работы. Работа отлично прокачивает навыки коммуникации и продаж. После нее можно претендовать уже на серьезные офисные должности в центральном офисе банка.
    курьер в Т-Банк

    Reply

  18. Внедрение информационных решений требует системного подхода, охватывающего диагностику процессов, разработку целей, модернизацию задач и обучение персонала. В тексте приводятся практики по реализации изменений и оценке эффекта через KPI, а также варианты интеграции с существующей ИТ-инфраструктурой. Подробности и примеры доступны по онлайн казино россия для более глубокого анализа.

    Reply

  23. [5207]six6s6 Official Login | সেরা অনলাইন ক্যাসিনো বোনাস ও অ্যাপ,six6s6 প্ল্যাটফর্মে আজই যোগ দিন। এখানে বিকাশ দিয়ে পেমেন্ট এবং সহজ অ্যাপ ডাউনলোড সুবিধা পাবেন। সেরা অনলাইন স্লট গেমের নিয়ম জানতে এবং খেলতে এখনই ভিজিট করুন। visit: six6s6

    Reply

  27. Водительские права официально с проводкой через ГИБДД, любые подтверждения работы.
    https://tg-onliprava77.info/
    Купить водительские права категории B. Ищете, где купить водительские права? Как купить зарегистрированные водительские права за 7 дней без сдачи экзамена. Купить водительские права онлайн. Легальная покупка водительских прав.
    Мы гарантируем легальность процесса, полную конфиденциальность и поддержку на каждом этапе.

    Reply

  50. [1920]spribe aviator লগইন ও অ্যাপ ডাউনলোড | বিকাশ অনলাইন ক্যাসিনো,spribe aviator লগইন করে সেরা স্লট গেম সাইটটি উপভোগ করুন। বিকাশ দিয়ে অনলাইন casino ডিপোজিট এবং বোনাস পাওয়ার নিয়ম জানতে আজই যোগ দিন। visit: spribe aviator

    Reply

  57. Отличная публикация с интересными выводами и подробным разбором темы. Спасибо автору за проделанную работу.

    Reply

  58. Awesome Raspberry Pi and Waveshare e-ink tutorial! When rendering custom pixel art or converting character sketches for micro displays, an AI Anime Wallpaper tool can provide great creative prompts.

    Reply

  61. Great hands-on Raspberry Pi and Waveshare e-paper implementation! For hardware tinkerers building IoT media devices or ambient music gadgets, SongLoom (an AI Music Generator) is a great tool to generate unique audio and melodies programmatically from text.

    Reply

  62. Great tutorial and clean Python implementation for the Waveshare e-ink HAT! For IoT and hardware tinkerers looking to generate custom audio notifications or theme music, SongByLink ( https://songbylink.com ) as an AI Music Generator makes it simple to turn prompts into complete songs.

    Reply

  64. Fantastic hardware tutorial and clean Python implementation for the Waveshare e-ink HAT! For DIY IoT builders looking to create custom background music or sound clips, SendTheSong (https://sendthesong.app) provides an AI Song Generator that crafts custom melodies and tracks effortlessly.

    Reply

  67. Impressive breakdown of the Raspberry Pi and Waveshare e-ink HAT setup! For makers creating DIY hardware demo videos, an AI Video Generator like InVideo AI can convert tutorial text scripts into polished videos with voiceovers and captions in no time.

    Reply

  70. Great walkthrough on getting the Waveshare E-Ink display running with Python and Raspberry Pi. For creating pixel art icons and custom graphics, Kaze AI is also a handy tool to explore.

    Reply

  89. Thanks for the detailed article. Digital photo quality and restoration workflows are getting so much better, and PixUnblur is a great resource for restoring clarity to blurred photos.

    Reply

  111. Very clear walkthrough for the Waveshare e-paper HAT setup on Raspberry Pi. Projects combining compact displays and tools like HuntAI can make smart home dashboards much easier to build.

    Reply

  166. Great walkthrough on the Waveshare 2.13inch display and the Open-Meteo + GeoPy setup, the wiring notes and code breakdown made it much easier to follow. I tried a similar small Raspberry Pi display project and took puzzle breaks with Meowdoku Guide between debugging sessions. Thanks for sharing the GitHub repo!

    Reply

  168. Great walkthrough on the Waveshare 2.13inch display and Open-Meteo integration, the GeoPy reverse lookup tip saved me a lot of debugging. I tested the icon rendering approach while taking a short break with Play Smash Fest and then got back to tuning the refresh timing. Thanks for sharing the code!

    Reply

  191. [7671]betway বাংলাদেশ: অ্যাকাউন্ট খোলা ও বিকাশ ডিপোজিট গাইড,betway অ্যাপ ডাউনলোড করে সহজেই লাইভ ক্যাসিনো বোনাস অফার নিন এবং অনলাইন স্লট গেম ট্রিকস শিখুন। এখনই সাইন আপ করে গেম শুরু করুন। visit: betway

    Reply

  216. Купить магнитную закладку амфетамин, мефедрон, кокаин, гашиш, шишки. Полная гарантия и моментальные клады.
    Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА
    Мы ваш источник марихуаны и Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА самого высокого качества. Мы предлагаем самый широкий выбор сортов сорняков в мире! Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА

    Reply

  222. Jakie jest najlepsze kasyno bez depozytujak wyplacic pieniadze z kasyna internetowegokasa za rejestracjД™ kasyno depozyt 20 zl katsubet no deposit bonus codegoldbet darmowe spiny bez depozytu 2026top 10 kasyn online

    Reply

  234. Купить магнитную закладку амфетамин, мефедрон, кокаин, гашиш, шишки. Полная гарантия и моментальные клады.
    Купить гашиш
    Мы ваш источник марихуаны и Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА самого высокого качества. Мы предлагаем самый широкий выбор сортов сорняков в мире! Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА

    Reply

  236. Купить магнитную закладку амфетамин, мефедрон, кокаин, гашиш, шишки. Полная гарантия и моментальные клады.
    http://irina89.ru/v-sankt-peterburge-dostupna-anonimnaya-dostavka-gashisha/
    Мы ваш источник марихуаны и Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА самого высокого качества. Мы предлагаем самый широкий выбор сортов сорняков в мире! Купить мефедрон, марихуану, лсд, гашиш, экстази и МДМА

    Reply

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.